THE
MONTICELLO
ASSOCIATION

Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph was born on October 26, 1834, at Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, the eleventh child of Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792-1875) and Jane Hollins Nicholas (1798-1871) and a great-grandson of Thomas Jefferson. He was named for his maternal grandfather, the ill-fated patriot and statesman Wilson Cary Nicholas (1761-1820). The Nicholas influence on W. C. N. Randolph, boy and man, was uncertain. Granting Wilson Cary Nicholas' political eminence, one must surmise, nonetheless, that the repercussions of his financial bankruptcy so embarrassed the Jefferson-Randolphs that his name was a strange burden to impose on a child. It probably inspired the youth to a cautious life, far from politics and banking.

"Wicks" was the family nickname for the W. C. N. Randolph (and later for his son and namesake). His father was forty-two years of age when Wicks was born and, although a vigorous man, seems to have become a patriarch rather early in life. The elder Randolph had served in the Virginia House of Delegates, 1831-1832, where he fruitlessly advocated Jefferson's plan of emancipating slaves. Between 1833 and 1843, Jefferson Randolph was defeated in three out of nine campaigns for this seat. He was, however, successful manager of his plantation during the 1830's and 1840's. The " ladies of the family conducted a finishing school for girls at Edgehill in order to help payoff the debts of Thomas Mann Randolph and Thomas Jefferson.

Life at Edgehill was for young Wicks a happy one. Besides the three sons and nine daughters of Thomas Jefferson Randolph, visiting and nearby cousins enlarged the family circle. Three of his older sisters married before he was six years of age: Margaret to her cousin, Dr. William Mann Randolph; Patsy to John Charles Randolph Taylor; and Caryanne to Frank Gildart Ruffin. Two of his older sisters did not marry, Mary and Carolina (Carry). The marriages of his three remaining older sisters were as follows: Maria to Charles Mason in 1848, Jane to Robert Hill Garlick Kean in 1854, and Ellen to William Byrd Harrison in 1858. These were important occasions in Wicks's youth. His two brothers were Thomas Jefferson, Jr., five years older, and Meriwether Lewis, three years younger than he. The youngest of his siblings was Sarah, five years younger than he. Wicks seems to have been especially close in spirit to his brother Lewis and to his sisters Carry and Sarah. The first was struck down in his prime as a post-Civil War railway engineer. Carry managed things at Edgehill. In a distinguished career, Sarah not only brought lustre to the family by her book The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson (New York, Harper and Brothers, 1871) but brought into the family till cash, from her literary and Baltimore-finishing-school enterprises, with which the Randolphs could pay taxes and maintain Edgehill. Simple home entertainments were featured at Edgehill, such as dances and fancy-dress occasions (see Collected Papers ..., 1965, p. 97).

Wicks Randolph received his primary education at Edgehill, but he attended for several years the Ridgway college preparatory school in the outskirts of Charlottesville conducted by Franklin Minor between 1848 and 1861. The Jefferson-Randolphs were "connected" to the Minor family, in that the brother of Charles Lewis Bankhead had married a Miss Minor. Wicks entered the University of Virginia as a non-resident student on October 3, 1851. That was the 28th session of the University and he was to be a regular student for three years, studying ancient literature, chemistry, modern languages, moral philosophy and natural philosophy. Wicks won distinction in June, 1853, in the junior classes of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy. He did not matriculate in the autumn of 1854, but was graduated from the school of medicine as a Doctor of Medicine in June of 1855. A handsome, mustachioed and cravatted man, he could have become a dandy, if he had not been so conscientious.

The Edgehill Randolphs had become increasingly local in their outlook after the calamity of having to sell Monticello and after mourning the death of some of their number on the frontier. Not only had Wilson's uncle, Meriwether Lewis Randolph, died while Secretary of the Arkansas Territory , but Francis Eppes, VII,'s wife, slaves and livestock were swept away by fevers in the Florida Territory .It should not be surprising that Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph was incapable of serious thought of living elsewhere than on the red clay of Albemarle County. But he did not wish to be only a farmer. In the first place, the rewards of a planter's life in Albemarle had diminished greatly since the 1770's. Wilson's older brother Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Jr., already was farming Shadwell and would succeed their father in that capacity at Edgehill. It is a likely speculation that Wilson's decision to study medicine was the result of several coincidences. Both his father and paternal grandfather had been interested in scientific matters and had considered becoming physicians; he was interested in people as individuals; his own outlook was generally individualistic; and to practice medicine was not only something that he would like to do, but something that he could do on his own in Albemarle County.

Dr. W. C. N. Randolph practiced medicine in and about Charlottesville, residing in the town. He may have lived first at Midway opposite Vinegar Hill. After the Civil War he rented a house at 307 East Market Street that had been built by a Dr. Hughes, that later had been the home of Dr. William Cecil Dabney (of the Dunlora family) before he became Professor of the Practice of Medicine at the University, and that still later housed the Blue Ridge Club. As a young married man, Dr. Randolph had had the use of and expectation of inheriting a Gothic cottage called Underhill on his father's estate. Five hundred acres would accompany this residence, stretching from Peter's Mountain to the Rivanna River and lying between Edgehill and Thomas J. Randolph, Jr.,'s Shadwell. Wilson Randolph received title to Underhill in 1863 and finally sold the property in 1870. In his old age, he also inherited an interest in Edgehill upon the death of his unmarried sisters Sarah and Carry , which in the interest of family harmony he sold to his nephew Cary Randolph Ruffin. It is not clear when he inherited his family heirlooms, but certainly he had many of them at Underhill. Among these were the Gilbert Stuart portrait of Wilson Cary Nicholas and several pieces of Nicholas coin silver. His Jefferson pieces included the plated candelabra used on the dining room table at Monticello, a dining table from either Monticello or Poplar Forest, a French mahogany-and-marble tea or serving table, some books and manuscript letters, and some articles of clothing.

Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph married at Charlottesville on November 11, 1858, Anne Elizabeth Holladay, whose nickname was Nannie. She was a descendant of the Minor, Lewis, Littlepage, Carr and Watson families of Caroline, Spotsylvania and Louisa counties. Her father, John Zachary Holladay (1806-1842) died when he had just entered upon a legal and political career which Thomas Ritchie of the Richmond Enquirer declared would have made him "a great figure" and had already earned him "the zenith of public admiration." Holladay's father did not send him to college with his other sons, believing him to be better suited for a farming than a professional career. He did farm for several years before studying law under Henry St. George Tucker at Winchester. Lamenting not having had the opportunities of college study, Holladay formed a good library which Dr. Randolph later inherited and cherished.

Wicks and Nannie Randolph had four children, all of whom were born at Underhill: Virginia Minor Randolph (1859-1937), Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph, Jr. (1861-1923), Mary Buchanan Randolph, III, (1865-1900), and Julia Minor Randolph (1866-1946). Mrs. Randolph and her children remained at Underhill throughout the Civil War. By knitting, other household crafts, and by frugality, Nannie Randolph and her children did their bit to support the Confederate cause. Her eldest daughter still spoke with emotion seventy years later of having contributed a copper teapot from her doll house to the scrap metal drive.

After the hostilities began at Fort Sumter in 1861, it became clear that the secession of the southern states would not be peaceful. Dr. Randolph enlisted on May 8, 1861, and was commissioned a Surgeon in the Confederate States Army. He was attached to the Richmond Howitzers battalion, which his uncle, George Wythe Randolph had founded as a company in 1859, and he served with it for a year in the field. Two of his experiences during the first Manassas campaign were subjects of later reminiscence: In the early part of the war when an engagement had commenced and after he had established his dressing station, Dr. Randolph liked to pick up a musket and fire a few shots at the enemy before the wounded began to drift back to his post. This he seemed to regard as something of a sporting event. The second reminiscence described the confusion of war in general and of the opening battles of the Civil War in particular. It turned out that a general established his headquarters very near Dr. Randolph's dressing station. When the first shots of the engagement were heard, the general picked Randolph out, apparently at random, and gave him a message to deliver urgently to another part of the line of battle. The doctor mounted his horse, and had to gallop across what seemed an endless field with all manner of projectiles whizzing about him. This, he said, was the only time in his life when he was absolutely terrified. He took pains to return by a sheltered route and to keep out of the general's view thereafter.

Reorganization of the Confederate army after Manassas recognized the necessity of creating military hospitals and staffing them. Doctors with university training and experience were shifted from frontline duties, and what would now be called paramedics took their places. Thus, Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph was transferred to Lynchburg, Virginia, where he made his greatest contribution to the Confederate cause. Lynchburg was destined to play an important wartime role for both the state and Confederate government as a transportation center, a military rendezvous, and depot for war material. Her medical facilities were expanded into the second most important hospital center in Virginia, able to handle 4,000 patients in January, 1862, and perhaps 7,000 in June of that year. To meet the emergency, residents took convalescents into their homes. Lynchburg College, churches, the opera house, the Odd Fellows Hall, the City Hotel, seventeen tobacco factories and tobacco warehouses were commandeered as hospitals. To cap the climax, in April, Richmond hospitals sent word that they were transferring 1,800 sick soldiers to Lynchburg in order to make room for the casualties expected from the Peninsula campaign.

Reorganization of the prewar hospital and ten auxiliary and volunteer hospital units consolidated these into seven hospitals. General Hospital No.2 was placed under the command of Surgeon Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph. It consisted of Langhorne Hospital and four other units located in former tobacco warehouses or factories. In its first month it admitted 2,034 soldiers. Among Dr. Randolph's duties was the supervision of the health of the large number of Union prisoners in Lynchburg. Towards the end of the war when all kinds of medicine were in critically short supply, many prisoners became badly constipated. Randolph was perplexed about how to treat them until he hit on a remarkable expedient: he dosed them with alfalfa, which promptly cleansed their bowels. In mid-June of 1864 Union General David Hunter advanced on Lynchburg, fought a skirmish, and withdrew in the face of a Confederate reinforcement. Confederate and Union casualties numbered about 1,000, of whom 187 Union soldiers were buried in the midst of the some 4,000 Confederate dead that were there by April of 1865. Lynchburg panicked after news came that General Lee had surrendered at Appomatox. Confederate soldiers deserted. Fires broke out. Looting began. Civilians and former soldiers prepared to desert the city. Although Dr. Randolph authorized any who could leave his hospital to go home, he himself remained in the city until order was restored. He was paroled by the federal authorities on May 8, 1865, and returned to Charlottesville.

Dr. Randolph 's contributions to society as a field surgeon, a hospital administrator and surgeon, and as a family physician were matched by those to education. He was a member of the Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia between 1876 and 1882 and again between 1886 and 1898, receiving his first appointment from Governor James L. Kemper. Appointment to the Board carried no salary , was purely at the disposal of the governor and for an indefinite term. The office required both a strong desire to serve and a high degree of political acceptance or clout. In Virginia politics, the years 1876- 1882 were a time of the conservative alliance between Democrats and native Republicans; the years 1882-1884 were a Readjuster-Radical Republican aberration; and 1886 saw the conservative Democrats regain and consolidate their power. Although he seldom took an active part in politics, Wilson Randolph was by inheritance and temperament a conservative Democrat, happy to accord honor to men whose abilities made them natural leaders. In this respect, it is worth noting that the political "boss" of Virginia between the 1890's and 1920's, Thomas Staples Martin of Albemarle, was a member of the Board of Visitors between 1892 and 1896 and also a good friend of Dr. Randolph and of his eldest son-in-law, George Scott Shackelford.

In Randolph's time, the Rector of the Board of Visitors was an unpaid chief executive with full powers over the institution, excepting only student instruction which was the province of the Chairman of the Faculty. From Randolph's first meeting on April 18, 1876, he served on the executive committee. There were two excellent reasons for Dr. Randolph 's election as Rector by his fellow board members soon after his second appointment as a Visitor: he lived in Charlottesville and he appears to have attended all but one meeting of the board during the terms of his appointments. Historians and popular writers justly have extolled the administrative efficiencies and vigor of the strong presidency which Edwin A. Alderman gave to the university after his inauguration as its first president in 1904. In doing so, they sometimes have slighted the accomplishments of the board, faculty, and students of that institution during the late 19th century. Many have so telescoped the years 1876-1904, between the end of Reconstruction and the advent of Dr. Alderman, that it would appear that the only things that happened were the Rotunda Fire and Stanford White's rebuilding of that edifice. Admittedly, it was not a Golden Age, as had been the years between the founding in 1819 and the death of the second Rector, James Madison, in 1836.

But self-conscious modernists of the 1920's and 1930's were not generous enough to their Victorian grandfathers to recognize that the years 1876-1896 were ones of solid achievement in the face of adversity, and perhaps worthy of being called a Silver Age. A major accomplishment was the overhaul of the degrees granted and the institution of curricular requirements to bring them into step with the times. A new Bachelor of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy degrees were instituted in 1890 and the Ph.D. was given in its present form in 1897. The M.A. degree was continued, but it lost its antebellum cachet of distinction. In 1895 the Engineering degree was redefined. Between 1891 and 1893 the Board reorganized instruction in the medical school, and constructed a hospital with clinical facilities. Although Dr. Randolph did not approve of shifting emphasis in medical instruction away from theoretical, free-ranging inquiry , capped by examination, to a more rigid and practical two-year pedagogical curriculum, he was a zealous advocate of the expanded and strengthened medical school. From Jefferson's day, the law faculty had consisted of one professor. Between 1890 and 1893 the Board tripled that faculty. By 1897, the Board began the new building for the law school which later became known as Minor Hall. In 1892-1893, the Board pondered whether to inaugurate coeducation. Asserting that it was "in full sympathy with the movement looking toward higher education of women," the Board declared it had no choice but to bar women because there were not "proper facilities" at Charlottesvi1le.

The Board of Visitors between 1876 and 1896 showed a resolute spirit of modernity and progress in seeking endowments and constructing buildings. After lengthy dispute, the Board admitted in 1886 that the University was not complying sufficiently with the will of Lewis Miller that poor boys be educated and at the same time perform industrial and agricultural arts, and it reached a financial compromise whereby the University in effect secured an endowed chair of biology .In the same year William W. Corcoran established chairs of history and of modern languages. In 1892-1893 Mrs. Linden Kent endowed a chair of English Literature. The benefaction of Lewis Brooks of Rochester, New York, furnished the University of Virginia with a fine museum and laboratory in the high Victorian style, as well as furnishing a professorship and exhibits of natural history and geology .As Philip A. Bruce said with a degree of ambivalence, the Board of Visitors approved the plans for the building for "convenience, regardless of congruity." It was dedicated in June of 1879. An extraordinary meeting of the Board was held at the White Sulphur Springs in West Virginia on August 16-19, 1881, to approve the plans for the observatory given by Leander J. McCormick and equipped and staffed by gifts from William H. Vanderbilt and others. At the time, the observatory was the largest in America. In 1890, Daniel F. Fayerweather bequeathed $100,000 to the University, part of which the Board set aside for a gymnasium. This action freed space in the basement of the Rotunda which had been used for gymnastic exercises since Jefferson 's day. The new building was completed in 1893 to serve 500 students and to harmonize with the existing architectural style of the University.

Dr. Randolph was insistent that the University practice what would now be called preventive medicine. It was perhaps Randolph's doing that in 1888 caused the Board to give greater attention to the quality of drinking water. This led to concern for the quantity of water supply for drinking and fire protection. In 1888 the Board authorized the expansion and improvement of the University Fire Department. Between 1886 and 1891 the Board learned the inadequacy of a joint University-Charlottesville water system, which suffered leaks and failure of pressure. In 1891 the Visitors authorized a separate system and reservoir .In 1888 they began requiring a program of electrification; students were to use electric lights; in both 1894 and 1895 they showed their concern about safety and appropriated funds for insulation. Nonetheless, on October 27, 1895, the Rotunda, the Annex, and much of their contents were destroyed by fire attributed to defective wiring in the ceiling of the public hall in the Annex.

The oft-told story of the Rotunda fire needs no retelling, but the decisions of the Board of Visitors about what to do after the fire have not always been placed in proper context. First, the Board accepted in principle the Faculty report, calling for demolition of the Annex and rebuilding of the Rotunda as nearly as possible to its original form. A five-man Building Committee of Visitors and Faculty included Randolph. The Board selected a contractor and resolved to secure the services of a "thoroughly competent and distinguished architect" to prepare plans for a building to contain the public hall and academic lecture rooms which had been in the Annex. In March of 1896, the Board placed all architectural work in the hands of Stanford White, the celebrated New York architect. Over the preceding five years the Board and Faculty had evolved criteria for new library , class- rooms, and auditoria space. First they had agreed that the "entire" Rotunda be "absorbed" for "library purposes" and finally in 1895 the Board had appointed a special committee of three Visitors, three faculty, and three alumni to solicit contributions for a new memorial library building. Now, faced with the need to replace the burned classroom building as well as the library, the Visitors leaned to using the Rotunda walls for the library. Late in the day, the Faculty presented a report urging that "the Rotunda be restored as nearly as possible, inside as well as outside." Influenced by previous planning to meet present and projected needs, by its desire to be progressively modern (rather than be held back by the dead hand of the past) and by White's great persuasiveness, the Board unanimously approved the White plan.

The Board of Visitors labored long and hard to retrench and to raise funds with which to retire $200,000 worth of 5% construction bonds for which the legislature gave special authorization. One of the first such gifts Dr. Randolph undoubtedly helped secure: $5,000 from his first cousin, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge of Boston. The Board also accepted $25,000 offered by Charles B. Rouss and voted to name one of the three new buildings the Rouss Physical Laboratory.

In June of 1897, the Board of Visitors resolved unanimously that "the best interests of the University of Virginia demand the election of an Executive head." In December of the same year, Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph announced that he would resign as Rector and as a Visitor "owing to the condition of my health." When the Board was unable to prevail upon him to reconsider, it accepted in February of 1898 his resignation with "sincere regret" and expressed its "appreciation of the loyal and unselfish devotion and ability" with which he discharged for ten years the duties of his "responsible and distinguished office" and also extended its wishes for "the early restoration of his health."

And now, let us consider those interests besides his practice and the University that concerned Dr. Randolph after the War. He had moved permanently to Charlottesville during the early years of Reconstruction. Many of his medical fees came in the form of hams and other farm produce. With reluctance, he entered into some organized groups, but he usually kept well in the background. He served briefly on the vestry of Christ's Protestant Episcopal Church in the 1870's and on the City Council in the 1890's. He was one of the charter officers of the Albemarle County Confederate organization in the 1880's. He was a director of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills. He was a Knight Templar. Politically, he was a conservative reorganization Democrat, avoiding notoriety beyond that of chairing an occasional Democratic city convention so that friends like Col. Micajah Woods and Thomas Staples Martin would be freer to politic.

Through the years, Nannie Holladay Randolph was an essential helpmate to a physician who forgave more bills than was businesslike. Not only had she brought a modest dowery with her, but she stretched their sadly deficient income to provide for the household needs. When Mrs. Randolph died on October 9, 1888, her grieving husband buried her in Charlottesville's Mapleview Cemetery and erected over her grave a stone on which was inscribed: "In life altogether lovely; in death an assurance of a glorious immortality ." Their children were leaving home: Virginia Minor married George Scott Shackelford in 1884 and went to live in Orange; Wilson Cary Nicholas, Jr., married Margaret Henderson Hager in 1890, going to Lynchburg to live; Mary Buchanan, III, who never married, taught school at Clifton Springs, New York, where she died in 1900; Julia Minor, the youngest, married William Porterfield in September of 1891, and left to live in Mississippi. These children were happy when their fifty-seven year old and lonely father undertook a second marriage. Dr. Randolph's sister, Carry , always close to him in spirit, and who presided at Edgehill, simplified her brother's finances to facilitate his anticipated second marriage; she gave him a house and lot on the southeast corner of Jefferson and North 2nd Street in Charlottesville, known as the Wyatt, or Poindexter, lot. Echoing the legal maneuvers of Thomas Jefferson's bequest to Martha Jefferson Randolph, this gift was made in trust for Dr. and Mrs. W. C. N. Randolph and their issue to be "free of any present or future liability of Dr. Randolph." The marriage took place on June 10, 1891, to Mary McIntire (1855-1937). She was one of the eight children born to James and Elizabeth Cosh McIntire in the 1850's and 1860's. Her father was a respected citizen of Charlottesville and her mother came of a good county family. Mary shared with her family a pride in its Scottish heritage, which the Scots sometimes vaunt and sometimes merely admit. This heritage includes intelligence, practicability, industry and a fierce clannishness confined to family and established friends, within the confines of which endless love, loyalty and generosity abide. In that charmed circle, wit and fantasy can be indulged; toward the outside world, prudence demands a dour approach. Also included are canniness, an approbation of material value, always an ability to conserve and often the skill to create it. Her brother, Paul Goodloe Mclntire made several fortunes in stock-market maneuvers. He showed his appreciation for higher education and the fine arts by giving to the University its ampitheatre, and endowments that culminated in the establishment of the Mclntire School of Commerce. Since the Mclntire- Randolph marriage was an autumnal one, it was a matter of some surprise as well as joy when Elizabeth Mclntire Randolph (1893-1966) was born. Her doting father treasured her.

Dr. Randolph was a very human and humane man. A born and acknowledged aristocrat within the Virginia context, he preferred to think of himself as a Virginia gentleman. He was capable of strong feelings, but seldom was led by them into positions of rashness. By reason of his birth, ability, affability and gregariousness, he was popular and eminent in his community. Although he could become very excited about people and public issues, he seldom spoke harshly of persons unless they had traduced his friends. He had a great gift for friendship, which transcended social barriers and conventions. Three unusual friendships illustrate the breadth of his acquaintance and the extremes to which he would go to help his friends. One was John Chaloner, a wealthy, intelligent, but eccentric, escapee from a New York insane asylum whom he defended both personally and professionally with the result that extradition back to New York was prevented. Another was Samuel McCue, mayor of Charlottesville at the turn of the century, whose wife was found murdered and her husband accused of the crime. Dr. Randolph rallied orally to his friend's defense, accepting the latter's assertion that the murder, which was atrocious in character, must have been committed by some unknown itinerant. The trial became a cause celebre in modern Virginia judicial history. After McCue was convicted and hanged the Doctor made only the scantiest reference to his deceased friend. A third unusual friend was a Mr. Purley, an enterprising Charlottesville businessman, who ran a furniture store, a livery stable, and an undertaking establishment. Mr. Purley was a man of infinite jest, an inexhaustible fund of amusing stories, and close to a town gossip. Dr. Randolph delighted in the man, stopped to see him often when homeward bound from the office, and then regaled the family with Mr. Purley's witticisms and droll comments on life in Charlottesville. One of these comments was that Mrs. Randolph was so annoyed that Dr. Randolph did not take her with him to the Rotunda fire that she hardly lamented the loss of that, the noblest of Thomas Jefferson's structures.

Wilson Randolph 's library was largely inherited from his father and from his father-in-law. There were in it the works of Shakespeare, Voltaire, Scott, Macaulay, Thackery and Oickens as well as such later books as Romola, The Moonstone, and Eugene Sue's The Wandering Jew. There were Randall's classic Life of Thomas Jefferson, his father's edition of the Correspondence, Papers and Miscellany of Thomas Jefferson, and his sister Sarah Nicholas Randolph's The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson. One of the most worn and thumbed of his books was Long's Memoirs of Robert E. Lee.

Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph was little interested in the world outside Albemarle County. He seems to have thought of his great-grandfather as the Master of Monticello rather than as a statesman. His educational interests were selfishly restricted to a University of Virginia for Virginians. As his youngest son-in-law, Thomas Jeffries Betts, put it, Dr. Randolph's world was his parish of patients. These he served nobly and well. Dr. Randolph died on April 26, 1907, at his house at 307 East Market Street in Charlottesville, where the City Library now stands. He was interred in the lot he had purchased in Mapleview Cemetery and in which he had buried his first wife, his third child, and an infant granddaughter.

Mrs. Mary Mclntire Randolph, in 1918, sold the house and lot at Jefferson and North 2nd Street to the YMCA, but the next year this lot was bought by the City of Charlottesville with money given by Paul Goodloe Mclntire for this purchase and for the erection of the handsome public library which bears his family's name. Mrs. Randolph and her daughter Elizabeth moved in with her sister Mary E. Mclntire to reside for the next decade in the Mclntire house at 815 East High Street. After Elizabeth Randolph's marriage to Thomas Jeffries Betts in 1920, Elizabeth's mother often paid the Betts long visits at military bases in Peking, China, and in Washington, D.C. Between these visits Mrs. Randolph lived in various places in Charlottesville until she died on September 22, 1937.

 *Dr. Shackelford is Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic and State University. He wishes to acknowledge his use of Thomas Jeffries Betts's manuscript memoir of Dr. Randolph.